Ballad - Wikipedia. A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval Frenchchanson ballad. Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 1. They were widely used across Europe, and later in the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 1. In the later 1. 9th century the term took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is now often used for any love song, particularly the sentimental ballad of pop or rock. Origins. These refrains would have been sung by the dancers in time with the dance. Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed (in the scheme a, b, c, b), which has been taken to suggest that, originally, ballads consisted of couplets (two lines) of rhymed verse, each of 1. In southern and eastern Europe, and in countries that derive their tradition from them, ballad structure differs significantly, like Spanish romanceros, which are octosyllabic and use consonance rather than rhyme. Scottish ballads in particular are distinctively un- English, even showing some pre- Christian influences in the inclusion of supernatural elements such as the fairies in the Scottish ballad . The ballads remained an oral tradition until the increased interest in folk songs in the 1. Bishop Thomas Percy to publish volumes of popular ballads. In romantic terms this process is often dramatized as a narrative of degeneration away from the pure 'folk memory' or 'immemorial tradition.'. For Scott, the process of multiple recitations 'incurs the risk of impertinent interpolations from the conceit of one rehearser, unintelligible blunders from the stupidity of another, and omissions equally to be regretted, from the want of memory of a third.' Similarly, John Robert Moore noted 'a natural tendency to oblivescence'. In America a distinction is drawn between ballads that are versions of European, particularly British and Irish songs, and 'Native American ballads', developed without reference to earlier songs. A further development was the evolution of the blues ballad, which mixed the genre with Afro- American music. For the late 1. 9th century the music publishing industry found a market for what are often termed sentimental ballads, and these are the origin of the modern use of the term 'ballad' to mean a slow love song. Traditional ballads. A reference in William Langland's Piers Plowman indicates that ballads about Robin Hood were being sung from at least the late 1. Wynkyn de Worde's collection of Robin Hood ballads printed about 1. Since Child died before writing a commentary on his work it is uncertain exactly how and why he differentiated the 3. The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. They were generally printed on one side of a medium to large sheet of poor quality paper. But although the heyday of the broadside ballad was the seventeenth century, its story stretches backward and forward far beyond that century. In their heyday of the first half of the 1. These later sheets could include many individual songs, which would be cut apart and sold individually as . Among the topics were love, marriage, religion, drinking- songs, legends, and early journalism, which included disasters, political events and signs, wonders and prodigies. Respected literary figures like Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scott in Scotland both collected and wrote their own ballads, using the form to create an artistic product. Similarly in England William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge produced a collection of Lyrical Ballads in 1. Coleridge's 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner'. The Romantics such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Keats were attracted to the simple and natural style of these folk ballads, encouraging them to imitate the style . Deepa Mehta's 'Fire'' arrives advertised as the first Indian film about lesbianism. Among other recent Indian productions (according to the Hindu, the national.Rather than the more aristocratic themes and music of the Italian opera, the ballad operas were set to the music of popular folk songs and dealt with lower- class characters. The first, most important and successful was The Beggar's Opera of 1. John Gay and music arranged by John Christopher Pepusch, both of whom probably influenced by Parisian vaudeville and the burlesques and musical plays of Thomas d'Urfey (1. Henry Fielding, Colley Cibber, Arne, Dibdin, Arnold, Shield, Jackson of Exeter, Hook and many others produced ballad operas that enjoyed great popularity. Later it moved into a more pastoral form, like Isaac Bickerstaffe's. Love in a Village (1. Shield's. Rosina (1. Although the form declined in popularity towards the end of the 1. Gilbert and Sullivan's early works like The Sorcerer as well as in the modern musical. Blues ballads tend to deal with active protagonists, often anti- heroes, resisting adversity and authority, but frequently lacking a strong narrative and emphasising character instead. The rhyming songs, poems and tales written in the form of ballads often relate to the itinerant and rebellious spirit of Australia in The Bush, and the authors and performers are often referred to as bush bards. Several collectors have catalogued the songs including John Meredith whose recording in the 1. National Library of Australia. Typical subjects include mining, raising and droving cattle, sheep shearing, wanderings, war stories, the 1. The Ballad of Richard Jewell. Watch Ballad of Fire (1997) Online - Free Ballad of Fire (1997) Download - Streaming Ballad of Fire (1997) Watch Online in HD now. Through The Fire (1997 March Rec.) . 10 YEARS BEST WE R&B Australian shearers' strike, class conflicts between the landless working class and the squatters (landowners), and outlaws such as Ned Kelly, as well as love interests and more modern fare such as trucking. They were generally sentimental, narrative, strophic songs published separately or as part of an opera (descendants perhaps of broadside ballads, but with printed music, and usually newly composed). Modern variations include . Apel, Harvard Dictionary of Music (Harvard, 1. Jacobs, A Short History of Western Music (1. Penguin, 1. 97. 6), p. Apel, Harvard Dictionary of Music (1. Harvard, 1. 97. 2), pp. Housman, British Popular Ballads (1. London: Ayer Publishing, 1. Jacobs, A Short History of Western Music (Penguin 1. Bold, The Ballad (Routledge, 1. Ousby, The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English (Cambridge University Press, 2. Green, Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art (ABC- CLIO, 1. M. Hawkins- Dady, Reader's Guide to Literature in English (Taylor & Francis, 1. Green, Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art (ABC- CLIO, 1. Ruth Finnegan, Oral Poetry: Its Nature, Significance and Social Context (Cambridge University Press, 1. Sweers, Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2. Robin Ganev,Songs of Protest, Songs of Love: Popular Ballads in 1. Century Britain^. Green, Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art (ABC- CLIO, 1. Brown, Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1. An Encyclopedia (Taylor & Francis, 1. Capp, 'Popular literature', in B. Reay, ed., Popular Culture in Seventeenth- Century England (Routledge, 1. Watt, Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1. Cambridge University Press, 1. Spufford, Small Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and Its Readership in Seventeenth- Century England (Cambridge University Press, 1. Capp, 'Popular literature', in B. Reay, ed., Popular Culture in Seventeenth- Century England (Routledge, 1. Williams, The Life of Goethe (Blackwell Publishing, 2. Mc. Cracken, Cultural Politics at the Fin de Si. Lubbock, The Complete Book of Light Opera (New York: Appleton- Century- Crofts, 1. Kidson, The Beggar's Opera: Its Predecessors and Successors (Cambridge University Press, 1. Lubbock, The Complete Book of Light Opera (New York: Appleton- Century- Crofts, 1. Wren, A Most Ingenious Paradox: The Art of Gilbert and Sullivan (Oxford University Press, 2. Lawrence, Decolonizing Tradition: New Views of Twentieth- century . Gruchow, The North Star State: A Minnesota History Reader, (Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2. Lehrman, Marc Blitzstein: A Bio- bibliography (Greenwood, 2. Cohen, Folk Music: a Regional Exploration (Greenwood, 2. Kerry O'Brien December 1. Report, abc. net. G. Smith, Singing Australian: A History of Folk and Country Music (Pluto Press Australia, 2. Who'll come a waltzing Matilda with me? Cohen, Folk Music: a Regional Exploration (Greenwood, 2. References and further reading. Deep Play: John Gay and the Invention of Modernity. Newark, Del.: University of Delaware Press, 2. Print. Middleton, Richard. Oxford University Press. The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0- 6. 74- 6. Temperley, Nicholas. Oxford University Press. John Gay and the London Theatre. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1. Oxford University Press.
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